Normal Findings
Specific Gravity: 1.020 (Normal: 1.005–1.025) ✔️
pH: 6.0 (Normal: 5.0–7.0) ✔️
Glucose: Negative ✔️
Protein: Negative ✔️
Ketones: Negative ✔️
Bilirubin: Negative ✔️
Nitrite: Negative ✔️
Abnormal Findings
1. Leukocytes: 2+ (Positive)
Leukocytes are white blood cells. A positive result usually indicates:
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Inflammation in the urinary tract
2. White Blood Cells (WBC): 23.3/µL
Reference Range: 0–17/µL
Elevated (High)
Supports the possibility of infection or inflammation.
3. Blood/Hgb: 1+
Small amount of blood detected in the urine.
Can occur with:
UTI
Kidney stones
Menstruation contamination (if applicable)
Other urinary tract conditions
4. Bacteria: 2426.8/µL
Reference Range: 0–278/µL
Significantly elevated.
Strongly suggests bacterial presence in the urine.
5. Epithelial Cells: 63.7/µL
Reference Range: 0–17/µL
High epithelial cells may mean:
Contamination of the urine sample during collection
Irritation or inflammation of the urinary tract
from AI, may UTI